Hlau ncej yog ib lub tsev txheej txheem nrog ib tug "skeleton thav duab" ntawm ntsug steel kab thiab kab rov tav I-beams, tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug rectangular daim phiaj los pab txhawb cov plag tsev, ru tsev thiab phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev uas yog tag nrho cov txuas rau lub thav duab.Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem no ua rau kev tsim kho lub skyscraper ua tau.
Cov hlau dov "profile" lossis ntu ntu ntawm cov kab hlau yuav siv cov duab ntawm tsab ntawv "Kuv".Ob lub flanges dav ntawm ib kem yog tuab dua thiab dav dua li cov flanges ntawm lub nqaj, kom zoo dua tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab hauv cov qauv.Square thiab round tubular seem ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem siv tau, feem ntau ntim nrog pob zeb.Steel beams txuas nrog cov kab nrog bolts thiab threaded fasteners, thiab keeb kwm txuas nrog rivets.Lub hauv paus "web" ntawm steel I-beam yog feem ntau dav dua ib kem lub vev xaib los tiv thaiv lub sijhawm khoov siab dua uas tshwm sim hauv kab teeb.
Cov nplooj ntawv dav dav ntawm lub lawj steel tuaj yeem siv los npog rau sab saum toj ntawm cov ncej steel raws li "daim ntawv" lossis corrugated pwm, hauv qab txheej tuab ntawm cov pob zeb thiab steel reinforcing tuav.Lwm qhov kev xaiv nrov yog hauv pem teb ntawm precast qhob flooring units nrog qee daim ntawv ntawm pob zeb topping.Feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov tsev ua haujlwm, qhov kawg hauv pem teb yog muab los ntawm qee cov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv pem teb nrog qhov tsis muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw taug kev thiab cov txheej txheem hauv pem teb siv rau cables thiab cua tuav ducts.
Lub thav duab yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm hluav taws vim cov hlau softens ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub tsev puas tsuaj.Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kab no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm encasing nws nyob rau hauv ib co qauv ntawm hluav taws resistant qauv xws li masonry, pob zeb los yog plasterboard.Cov kab teeb ci tuaj yeem ua rau hauv pob zeb, plasterboard los yog txau nrog cov txheej txheem los tiv thaiv nws los ntawm tshav kub ntawm qhov hluav taws kub los yog nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv los ntawm hluav taws-resistant qab nthab.Asbestos yog cov khoom siv nrov tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1970s, ua ntej kev noj qab haus huv ntawm asbestos fibers tau nkag siab tag nrho.
Sab nrauv "daim tawv nqaij" ntawm lub tsev yog anched rau lub thav duab uas siv ntau yam kev tsim kho thiab ua raws li ntau yam kev tsim vaj tsev.Cov cib, pob zeb, cov pob zeb muaj zog, cov iav vaj tsev, cov ntawv hlau thiab cov xim yooj yim tau siv los npog cov thav duab los tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm huab cua.
Cold-formed steel thav ntawv tseem hu ua lub teeb yuag steel framing (LSF).
Cov ntawv nyias nyias ntawm cov hlau galvanized tuaj yeem ua rau txias tsim rau hauv cov hlua hlau siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev lossis cov khoom siv tsis zoo rau ob qho tib si sab nrauv thiab muab faib phab ntsa hauv ob qho tib si hauv vaj tse, kev lag luam thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse (duab).Lub dimension ntawm chav tsev yog tsim nrog ib tug kab rov tav khiav uas yog anchored rau hauv pem teb thiab qab nthab los piav qhia txhua chav.Cov studs ntsug yog teem rau hauv lem, feem ntau yog 16 nti (410 mm) sib nrug, thiab fastened rau saum thiab hauv qab.
Cov ntaub ntawv raug siv hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse yog C-shaped stud thiab U-shaped khiav, thiab ntau yam ntawm lwm cov profiles.Framing cov tswv cuab feem ntau yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug tuab ntawm 12 mus rau 25 gauge.Heavy gauges, xws li 12 thiab 14 gauge, feem ntau yog siv thaum axial loads (piav mus rau qhov ntev ntawm tus tswv cuab) siab, xws li hauv kev tsim kho cov kabmob.Qhov nruab nrab-hnyav ntsuas, xws li 16 thiab 18 ntsuas, feem ntau yog siv thaum tsis muaj axial loads tab sis hnyav lateral loads (perpendicular rau cov tswv cuab) xws li sab nrauv phab ntsa studs uas yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv nag xob nag cua cua loads raws ntug dej hiav txwv.Lub teeb gauges, xws li 25 gauge, feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tsis muaj axial loads thiab lub teeb lateral loads heev xws li nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho sab hauv uas cov tswv cuab ua framing rau demising phab ntsa ntawm chav.Cov phab ntsa tiav yog khi rau ob sab flange ntawm cov stud, uas txawv ntawm 1 + 1⁄4 txog 3 ntiv tes (32 txog 76 mm) tuab, thiab qhov dav ntawm lub vev xaib yog 1 + 5⁄8 txog 14 ntiv tes (41. rau 356 mm).Rectangular seem raug tshem tawm ntawm lub vev xaib los muab kev nkag mus rau kev xa hluav taws xob.
Steel mills tsim galvanized ntawv hlau, cov khoom siv hauv paus rau kev tsim cov khoom txias-tsim steel profiles.Sheet hlau yog ces yob-tsim mus rau hauv qhov kawg profiles siv rau framing.Cov nplooj ntawv yog zinc coated (galvanized) los tiv thaiv oxidation thiab corrosion.Steel framing muab cov qauv tsim tau yooj yim vim muaj lub zog-rau-hnyav piv ntawm cov hlau, uas tso cai rau nws hla mus ntev, thiab kuj tiv taus cua thiab av qeeg loads.
Cov phab ntsa steel-framed tuaj yeem tsim los muab cov khoom zoo thermal thiab acoustic - ib qho ntawm cov kev xav tshwj xeeb thaum lub tsev siv cov hlau txias yog tias thermal bridging tuaj yeem tshwm sim thoob plaws phab ntsa ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud thiab sab hauv qhov chaw txias.Thermal bridging tuaj yeem tiv thaiv los ntawm kev txhim kho ib txheej ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev sab nraud raws li cov hlau thav duab - feem ntau hu ua 'thermal so'.
Qhov sib nrug ntawm cov studs feem ntau yog 16 ntiv tes ntawm qhov chaw rau lub tsev sab nrauv thiab sab hauv phab ntsa nyob ntawm qhov tsim cov khoom tsim.Hauv chav ua haujlwm suites qhov sib nrug yog 24 ntiv tes (610 mm) ntawm qhov chaw rau tag nrho cov phab ntsa tshwj tsis yog lub elevator thiab staircase qhov dej.
Kev siv cov hlau tsis siv hlau rau cov qauv tsim tau pib qeeb.Thawj lub tsev tsim hlau, Ditherington Flax Mill, tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1797, tab sis nws tsis yog txog rau thaum txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Bessemer txheej txheem nyob rau hauv 1855 tias steel ntau lawm tau ua kom txaus txaus rau cov hlau los ua cov khoom siv dav.Cov hlau pheej yig, uas muaj lub zog tensile thiab compressive zog thiab zoo ductility, muaj nyob rau hauv 1870, tab sis wrought thiab cam khwb cia hlau txuas ntxiv los ua kom txaus siab rau feem ntau ntawm kev thov rau cov khoom siv hlau hauv tsev, vim feem ntau yog teeb meem ntawm kev tsim cov hlau los ntawm alkaline ores.Cov teeb meem no, tshwm sim los ntawm qhov muaj phosphorus, tau daws los ntawm Sidney Gilchrist Thomas hauv 1879.
Nws tsis yog txog xyoo 1880 uas lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim kho raws li kev txhim khu kev qha me me pib.Txog hnub ntawd qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau uas raug tsim tau los ua qhov zoo sib xws.[1]
Lub Tsev Insurance Lub Tsev, ua tiav xyoo 1885, yog thawj zaug siv lub cev pob txha tsim, tshem tawm tag nrho cov kabmob muaj nuj nqi ntawm nws cov masonry cladding.Hauv qhov no, cov kab hlau tsuas yog kos rau hauv cov phab ntsa, thiab lawv lub peev xwm nqa tau zoo li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm cov masonry, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov cua loads.Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, thawj lub tsev steel ncej yog Rand McNally Building hauv Chicago, tsim nyob rau xyoo 1890.
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-06-2022