Lub tsev prefabricated, feem ntau hu ua prefab tsev los yog yooj yim prefab, yog cov tsev tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tsev prefabricated, uas yog tsim tawm ntawm qhov chaw ua ntej, feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov qauv uas tuaj yeem xa tau yooj yim thiab sib sau ua ke.Qee qhov kev tsim vaj tsev prefab tam sim no suav nrog cov ntsiab lus kev tsim vaj tsev tsim los ntawm postmodernism lossis futurist architecture.
Uninhabited prefabricated council tsev hauv Seacroft, Leeds, UK
"Prefabricated" tej zaum yuav hais txog cov tsev tsim nyob rau hauv cov khoom (xws li panels), modules (modular homes) los yog transportable sections (manufactured homes), thiab kuj tseem siv tau los xa mus rau cov tsev txawb, piv txwv li, tsev ntawm lub log.Txawm hais tias zoo sib xws, cov txheej txheem thiab kev tsim ntawm peb qhov sib txawv.Muaj ob theem kev npaj tsev, nrog rau cov phiaj xwm hauv tsev.Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm hom kev tsim kho.Hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, cov tsev txawb thiab cov tsev tsim khoom tau tsim ua raws li HUD lub tsev lis dej num, thaum lub tsev modular tau tsim ua raws li IRC (International Residential Code).
Modular tsev yog tsim nyob rau hauv seem, thiab ces thauj mus rau lub tsev qhov chaw rau kev tsim kho thiab installation.Txawm hais tias cov seem ntawm lub tsev yog prefabricated, cov ntu, lossis cov qauv, tau muab tso ua ke ntawm kev tsim kho zoo li lub tsev ib txwm muaj.
Cov tsev tsim khoom yog tsim los ntawm cov kab hlau, thiab raug thauj mus rau hauv cov ntu ua tiav mus rau qhov chaw hauv tsev, qhov chaw uas lawv tau sib sau ua ke.Log, hitch thiab axles raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw thaum lub tsev tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus ruaj khov.
Cov tsev txawb, lossis cov tsheb thauj khoom, yog tsim los ntawm lub log, thiab tuaj yeem rub los ntawm lub tsheb.Lawv raug suav hais tias yog cov khoom ntiag tug, thiab tau tso cai los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tsav Tsheb.Lawv yuav tsum tau ua rau DMV code, thiab dhau kev soj ntsuam rau daim ntawv tso cai.[citation xav tau]
Keeb kwm
"Loren" Iron House, ntawm Old Gippstown hauv Moe, Australia
Thawj qhov hais txog lub tsev prefabricated yog xyoo 1160 txog 1170 los ntawm Wace raws li tau lees paub los ntawm Pierre Bouet.Nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb lub Tsib Hlis/Lub Rau Hli 2015 ib tsab ntawm Fab Kis Phau Ntawv Teev Npe Historia, nws tau hais txog lub tsev fuabtais thauj los ntawm Normans hauv 'cov khoom siv' daim ntawv. “Lawv tshem tawm cov kab ntoo ntawm lub nkoj thiab rub lawv mus rau hauv av.Ces tus suav (Earl) uas coj lawv, (cov kab teeb) twb tho thiab npaj, carved thiab trimmed, cov pegs (raw-plugs / dowels) twb trimmed thiab thauj nyob rau hauv tej kas tham, tsa ib lub tsev fuabtais, muaj ib tug moat khawb nyob ib ncig ntawm nws thiab Yog li ntawd tau tsim lub fortress loj thaum hmo ntuj.
Cov qauv txav tau raug siv nyob rau xyoo pua 16th hauv Is Nrias teb los ntawm Emperor Akbar Lub Great.Cov qauv no tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Arif Qandahari hauv 1579.[1]
Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, ntau lub tuam txhab suav nrog Sears Catalog Homes pib muab cov khoom siv xa ntawv hauv tsev thaum xyoo 1902 thiab 1910.[2]Forest Products Laboratory, ib feem ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas Kev Pabcuam Hav Zoov, muab kev tshawb fawb ntau rau hauv cov tsev prefabricated nyob rau xyoo 1930s, suav nrog kev tsim ib qho rau xyoo 1935 Madison Home Show.[3]Qhov kev tshawb fawb no txuas ntxiv mus rau xyoo 1960.
Los ntawm 1958, kwv yees li 10 feem pua ntawm cov tsev tshiab hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau ua tiav lawm.[4]
Tam sim no domestic prefabrication
Stillwater Dwellings Prefab Lub Tsev
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub tsev ua tiav tiav hauv Lake Whatcom, Tebchaws Meskas.
Tam sim no, kev lag luam vaj tsev prefabricated tau muab faib los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim kho.Panelized, Modular, thiab Manufactured lub tsev tsim ua rau feem ntau ntawm cov tuam txhab niaj hnub, nrog kev sib tshooj ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim kho.
Panelized tsev
Panelized tsev (tseem hu ua system ua tsev), tsim cov khoom vaj huam sib luag, los yog "panels", ntawm ib lub tsev (phab ntsa, ru tsev thiab hauv pem teb systems) nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm qhov chaw uas cov panels raug txiav los ntawm automated saws thiab laser cutters los ntawm cov ntawv ntoo loj, tso cai rau cov khoom pov tseg qis dua piv rau qhov chaw tsim kho.[6]Tom qab lawv txiav thiab shaping, panels yog stacked thiab xa mus rau qhov chaw ua hauj lwm qhov chaw uas lub tsev yog assembled piecemeal nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo xws li cov txheej txheem rau ib txwm site-built lub tsev.
Panelized tsev feem ntau suav hais tias yog ib nrab ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom hauv tsev thiab ntau lub tsev prefab, nrog rau qhov yooj yim ntawm qhov chaw tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm prefab.[7]
North America
Tebchaws Meskas
Tag nrho cov kev lag luam sib koom ntawm cov tsev tsis nyob hauv ib tsev neeg (modular thiab panelized) yog nyob ntawm 3% ntawm ib tsev neeg ua tiav xyoo 2020, raws li Census Bureau Survey of Construction data and NAHB analysis.[8]Qhov kev faib tawm no xav tias yuav nce nruab nrab hauv 2021.
Teb chaws Europe
Lub ntiaj teb icon.
Cov piv txwv thiab kev xav hauv nqe lus no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog United Kingdom thiab tsis sawv cev rau kev pom thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov ncauj lus.Koj tuaj yeem txhim kho tshooj no, sib tham txog qhov teeb meem ntawm nplooj ntawv tham, lossis tsim ib ntu tshiab, raws li qhov tsim nyog.(Lub Xya hli ntuj 2019) ( Kawm yuav ua li cas thiab thaum twg thiaj li tshem tawm cov lus no template)
Hauv tebchaws United Kingdom, ntau dua 156,000 lub tsev prefabricated tau tsim thaum xyoo 1945 thiab 1948.[9]
Nyob rau xyoo 1940s Fab Kis tus tsim qauv Jean Prouvé tau tsim lub tsev aluminium prefabricated, Maison Tropicale, siv rau hauv teb chaws Africa.[10]
Tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II txog xyoo 1948, Muag-Fertighaus GmbH tau tsim ntau dua 5,000 lub tsev prefabricated hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees rau lub zog tuav hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
German tsim Huf Haus ze West Linton, Scotland.
Tsis muaj tus qauv vaj tsev nyob hauv EU rau hom kev tsim vaj tsev no, thiab kev tswj hwm yog nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws.EU cov lus qhia uas siv rau kev tsim vaj tsev thiab kev tsim vaj tsev tsis cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub tsev modular.
United Kingdom
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Prefabs hauv tebchaws United Kingdom
Lub tsev tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob English prefabricated lub tsev, nyob ib sab ntawm cov khoom zoo sib xws reconstructed hauv cib
Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United Kingdom, lo lus "prefab" feem ntau txuam nrog ib hom ntawm prefabricated lub tsev tsim nyob rau hauv loj tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, [11] xws li Airey cov tsev, ua ib qho kev hloov ib ntus rau vaj tse uas tau tawg los ntawm cov foob pob tawg. , tshwj xeeb hauv London.
Txawm hais tias lub hom phiaj hais tias cov tsev no yuav yog ib qho kev ntsuas nruj me ntsis, ntau tus neeg tseem nyob hauv ntau xyoo thiab txawm tias kaum xyoo tom qab tsov rog kawg.Ib tug me me tseem siv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, tab sis ntau thiab ntau tau raug rhuav tshem.Hauv 2011 nws tau tshaj tawm tias Tebchaws Askiv qhov loj tshaj plaws prefab qub txeeg qub tes ntawm 187 lub tsev nyob hauv Lewisham, South-East London, yuav tsum tau kho dua tshiab tshwj tsis yog rau rau lub tsev.[12]
Prefabs kuj tau tsim nyob rau hauv Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb xws li cov tsev tseem nyob hauv Austin Village, Birmingham.
Qhov tseeb iteration ntawm lub tswv yim yog kev txhim kho ntawm 36 chav tsev hu ua y: lub voos xwmfab ua los ntawm YMCA hauv Mitcham, South London [13] Ilke Tsev hauv Knaresborough tsim 2 thiab 3 chav pw 'modular' cov tsev uas tuaj yeem tsim tau hauv 36 teev. 14]
Australia thiab Asia
Xyoo 2010, Bali tau xa tawm 98,417 lub tsev prefabricated, tab sis xyoo 2011 thaj av tsuas yog xa tawm 5,007 units vim kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb qeeb uas cuam tshuam rau ntau qhov chaw xa tawm.Cov Balinese prefab lub tsev no paub zoo rau lawv cov qauv tsim thiab cov tswv yim muaj nqis.[15]
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-08-2022